An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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