A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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