The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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