To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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