Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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