A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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