Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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