Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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