Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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