Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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