Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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