There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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