Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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