A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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