PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin