Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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