Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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