Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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