I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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