The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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