Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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