Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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