A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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