A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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