Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
Textbook
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
Textbook
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
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