An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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