An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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