To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
Textbook
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
Textbook
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin