The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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