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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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