Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
Textbook
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
Textbook
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin