Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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