Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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