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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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