An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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