One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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