One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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