As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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