Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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