A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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