A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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