Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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