First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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