Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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