The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
Textbook
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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