A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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