Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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