A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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