Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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