A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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