A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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