Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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