“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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