“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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