RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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