RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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