RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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