RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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