RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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