“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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