In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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