Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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