This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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