Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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