“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
Textbook
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
Textbook
All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin