The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin