A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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