An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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