A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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