A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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