The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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