A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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