The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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