The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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