The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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