In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
Textbook
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
Textbook
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
Textbook
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
Textbook
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
Textbook
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin