In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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