Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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