A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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