Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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