Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
Textbook
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
Textbook
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
Textbook
While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
Textbook
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin