Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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