Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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