A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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