Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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