Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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