Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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