The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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