Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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