The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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