Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
Textbook
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
Textbook
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
Textbook
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
Textbook
All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin