There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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