Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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