In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
Textbook
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
Textbook
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
Textbook
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
Textbook
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
Textbook
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin