Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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