An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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