Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
Textbook
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
Textbook
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin