Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
Textbook
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
Textbook
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
Textbook
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
Textbook
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